Types of Carbon steels

As a group carbon steels are the most frequently produced and used steels. More than 85 % of the steels produced presently are carbon steels. Normally carbon steels contain up to 2 % total alloying elements and can be sub divided into ultra low carbon, low carbon, medium carbon, high carbon and ultra high carbon steels. These steels are described below.

Ultra low carbon steels – These steels contain very low carbon usually less than 0.10 %. These steels also contain very low manganese and very low silicon. These steels are having extra deep drawing properties and usually produced in the form of flat and wire rod products.

Low carbon steels – These steels contain up to 0.30 % C. This category includes mild steel with carbon content usually in the range of 0.15-0.30%. The largest category of this class of steel is flat rolled products in the form of sheet or strip usually in the cold rolled and annealed condition. The carbon content for these deep drawing quality steels is around 0.10 % C, with up to 0.5 % manganese. For structural use produced in the form of plates and sections, the carbon content may be increased up to 0.30 %, with higher manganese content up to 1.6 %.

Medium-carbon steels – These steels are similar to low carbon steels except that the carbon content in these steels are higher and normally in the range of 0.31% to 0.60 % and the manganese from 0.60 % to 1.65 %. Due to Increased carbon content, the medium carbon steels can be used in the quenched and tempered condition. The medium carbon steels are used as shafts, axles, gears, crankshafts, couplings and forgings. Steels in the 0.40 % to 0.60 % C range are also used for rails, railway wheels and rail axles.

High carbon steels – These steels have carbon content ranging from 0.61 % to 1.00% with manganese content ranging from 0.30 % to 0.90 %. The use of high carbon steels includes in springs, pre stressed concrete wires and high strength wires etc.

Ultrahigh carbon steels – These steels contains carbon in the range of 1.25 % to 2.0 %.  These steels are normally thermo-mechanically processed to produce microstructures consisting of ultra-fine, equi-axed grains of spherical, discontinuous pro-eutectoid carbide particles.

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 Reinforced steel rebar 8-32mm