Fuel gases used in steel plant

Fuel gas is a fuel which under ordinary conditions is in the form of gas. Fuel gases are used in steel plants for different applications which include a source of heat as a reductant and cutting and welding application. Fuel gases usually used in steel industry are natural gas (NG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), acetylene, by product gases (blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and converter gas).

Natural gas
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel which is extracted from deposits in the earth. It is a mixture of hydro carbons consisting primarily of methane (generally greater than 80 %) but includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes such as ethane, propane and butane etc. 
The main usage of natural gas in the steel industry is in iron making. For production of direct reduced iron it is reformed to produce reducing gases which are then used for the reduction of iron ore. 
In case of iron making in blast furnace, natural gas is being injected in some of the blast furnaces at the tuyeres to reduce the consumption of BF coke and to increase blast furnace productivity. In blast furnace, natural gas plays a double role of a reductant and a fuel.

Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is extracted from crude oil. The main components of LPG are hydro carbons containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms. 
LPG is a gas at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, but it can be liquefied when moderate pressure is applied or when the temperature is sufficiently reduced. It can be easily condensed, packaged, stored and utilized, which makes it an ideal energy source for a wide range of applications. 
In steel plants, LPG is stored in pressure vessels. 

Blast furnace gas
Blast furnace (BF) gas is a gaseous by product which is generated while producing hot metal (liquid iron) in a blast furnace. 
In steel plants, BF gas is normally being used mixed with either coke oven gas or converter gas or both. The mixed gas is used as a fuel in various furnaces of the steel plant.

Converter gas
During the process of steel making in basic oxygen furnace (BOF), converter gas is generated at a rate around 75 to 95 Cum /ton of crude steel. 

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